In this article we will discuss about the food chains, food webs and trophic levels of various organisms in the environment. Food Chains, Food Webs and Trophic Levels: 1. Food Chain: The transfer of food energy from the soured in plants through a series of organisms with repeated eating and being eaten, is called food chain (Fig. 48.2). a. At [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Meaning of Parasites 2. Diversity of Parasites 3. Classification 4. Modes of Transmission 5. Host Specificity 6. Ecology 7. Responses to Host's Immune Mechanism. Meaning of Parasites: Parasites are organisms that live and feed on another organism, usually, without killing it. The organism on which the parasite lives is called the host. [...]
The following points highlight the five tests conducted for determining the effect of toxicity on organisms. The tests are: 1. Full Life Cycle Tests 2. Partial Life Cycle Toxicity Tests 3. Most Sensitive Early Life Stage Toxicity Tests 4. Functional Tests 5. Bioassay in Toxicity Testing. Test # 1. Full Life Cycle Tests: These are typical chronic toxicity tests conducted [...]