In this article we will discuss about the external structure of toad. This will also help you to draw the structure and diagram of toad. Toad has a short bilaterally symmetrical body (Fig. 1.61). There is no exoskeleton over the skin, i.e., the skin is naked skin is rough in texture. The dorsal side of the body is blackish-gray while [...]
The following points highlight the top nine diagnostic features of chordates. 1. Notochord is present in any stage of the life-history. It is a slender rod that arises out of the dorsal wall of the embryonic gut in primitive chordates. Notochord lies dorsal to the coelom and parallel beneath the central nervous system. The notochord is composed of a core [...]
In this article we will discuss about the male and female reproductive systems of scoliodon. The excretory organ consists of a pair of elongated kidneys. The functional adult kidneys are opisthonephros type. The anterior portion of the kidney is non-functional and the posterior portion becomes greatly developed. The kidneys are composed of coiled glandular uriniferous tubules or nephrons. Each tubule [...]