In this article we will discuss about the excretory system of toad. During metabolism various nitrogenous waste products are formed in the body. The process concerning the extraction of nitrogenous waste products and their removal from the body is called excretion. Nitrogenous waste products such as urea, uric acid and excess of water with some salts are excreted as urine. [...]
In this article we will discuss about the external structures of pigeon. The size varies from 20-25 cm. The appearance varies in different varieties but all of them have a compact and more or less spindle-shaped body (Fig. 1.103). The body is distinctly divisible into three regions — head, neck and trunk. (i) Head: The head is small, round and [...]
In this article we will discuss about the circulatory system of toad. The circulatory system includes two systems: the blood vascular system (cardio vascular system) and the lymphatic system. Circulatory system is the internal transport mechanism by which nutritive materials, hormones, waste products, carbon dioxide and oxygen are conveyed to the different parts of the body. The cardiovascular system of [...]